Metaphor and Architecture

Metaphor and architectureMetaphor comes from Middle Frenchmetaphore ( Old Frenchmetafore, 13c. ) , and straight from Latinmetaphora, from Greekmetaphora † a transportation, † particularly of the sense of one word to a different word, literally â€Å" a carrying over, † frommetapherein † transportation, carry over ; alteration, alter ; to utilize a word in a unusual sense, † frommeta- † over, across † [ 1 ] .Using metaphors in architecture can be tricky at times as there is a really all right line between tacky and kitsch. This essay explore the application of corporal knowledge in architecture by utilizing metaphor and an first-class undertaking designed utilizing metaphor – Terragni’s Danteum which is a interlingual rendition of Dante’s Divine Comedy into architecture by beds of significance.From the debut, we get a little apprehension of what is metaphor. Before diging farther, we’ll explore metaphor more extens ively here. As we know in literature, metaphor is a medium in connoting things and objects that are different from each other but carries some similar feature between them. For illustration, ‘ Alice is a walk-to dictionary.’ ; this sentence does non intend that Alice is a dictionary but it means that she is so smart and knowing that she is like a dictionary that is ALIVE. In this instance, when we think about ‘dictionaries’ , vocabulary, book and cognition came into our head while ‘walking ‘ gives personification to the term ‘ walking dictionary’ . Arguably, Shakespeare has possibly the best usage of metaphor in his plants. In Sonnet 18, he uses summer as a metaphor for his love. From the above illustrations, we can see that the appropriate use of metaphor entreaties straight to the senses of the readers by heightening their imaginativeness. Therefore, metaphors give the readers fresh positions, thoughts and believing sing the topic .Barie Fez-Barringten one time quotedâ€Å"Metaphor is a accelerator which fuses memories, experiences and other manner of being ; it embodies within its ain peculiarity certain cosmopolitan symbols and constructs common to mankind. Metaphorically things, times and topographic points known to hold a discriminatory particular or localized usage in one context are explicitly employed in another. One familiar and one unusual term are normally composed into a individual signifier where one term usually used in one context is brought over into another with the usage of illuminating ; doing more apparent something in the 2nd sphere which otherwise remains obscure.†However, the inquiry sing how metaphor and architecture relates still remained unreciprocated. How can we plan with metaphor? Metaphors can raise senses such as sound, gustatory sensation, odor, touch and sight to the readers. Interestingly, there is a research sing corporal knowledge in Psychology which suggests that the senses mentioned earlier influences the manner worlds make opinions of the external universe. Now we can see how senses and corporal knowledge are connected to each other. By utilizing metaphors, we can determine and change the experiences of the people in our architecture by raising their senses.White, M.A one time quotedâ€Å"In fact, the relationship between physical experience and idea is a cardinal component in cognitive linguistics† . He besides said that the physical interaction of the bodily human being with his/her environment plays a major function in authorising adult male to build abstract idea.From the diagram above, we can see some touch senses and how people think and feel sing them. Let’s take an illustration, Light gives a feeling of insouciant, fun, high-tech, inexpensive, delicate.We can easy place architecture that relates closely to some of the properties mentioned above – SANNA – Rolex larning Centre.From the image above, we can see how white gives the edifice a futuristic feeling. The really fact that the edifice has an organic form and ‘not touching the ground’ gives an air of high tech magnificence. Although it doesn’t gives a inexpensive vibration, the slim and long columns and all other simple item decidedly makes it really delicate. The slender column back uping the roof, the form, the coloring material strategy made the undertaking really elegant. On the other manus, Heavy gives a feeling of importance, valuable and seriousness. We don’t even necessitate a specific illustration for this as it has ever been around us. We can frequently happen memorials around us which are normally made or built with rocks, marbles and concrete. In United States, the White House and Pentagon in a manner convey the political and military art of the state. Our really ain Cardiff University Main edifice is a really good illustration that gives people feeling of importance, valuable and earnestness. In fact, a batch of old political and educational establishment edifice shows weightiness and in most instances they are masonry edifice. The ‘heavy’ isn’t merely the physical weightiness as in weight, but besides the metaphysical solemn vibration that these edifices relay to the people. This clearly proved that the surveies about corporal knowledge is true, the head and the organic structure is inseparable.Continuing from the last paragraph, we can briefly mentioned the connexion of the senses – Light and Heavy to the stuffs used. As mentioned above, most old political and educational establishments are masonry edifices. Materials besides play an of import portion in raising senses. Let’s take an illustration, concrete.Coach: What type of stuff are you traveling to utilize?Student: Concrete.Coach: What type of concrete? There are tonss of types of concrete, from how you cast the concrete to the composing of the stuffs in the concrete mixture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .I believe this is a instead common conversation between a coach and a pupil everyplace around the universe. At least, this conversation was my really ain experience during tutorial, and my coach has been teasing me to make up one's mind the type of concrete I want to utilize for hebdomads. A image speaks a 1000 words, so the undermentioned images would do the treatment easier to understand.The first image shows the church of visible radiation by Tadao Ando while the 2nd images shows the Brother Klaus Field Chapel by Peter Zumpthor. They are both churches and the stuff used are concrete. I think we can see how different they are. Being inside the church of Light and Brother Klaus Field certainly give the visitants wholly different feelings, we can see the importance of stuff, non merely the pick of stuff ( glass, steel or concrete ) but besides how we are handling the stuffs.The dramatis personae affects the textures ( smooth or unsmooth ) . The composing of t he concrete mixture affects the coloring material, texture and ‘heaviness’ of the concrete. All these small inside informations are things that designers can make up one's mind, and this determination plays a critical function in making the ambiance and raising the senses of the people utilizing the edifice.Forty, A. one time said that â€Å"Successful metaphors rely on the dissimilitude of things, non upon their similitude. The feature of an effectual metaphor is it borrows an image from one scheme of thoughts, and applies it to another, antecedently unrelated scheme.With the decision on the relationship between metaphor and architecture, we are traveling to analyze a undertaking called The Danteum. The use of metaphor in architecture has been taken to a whole new degree in Danteum. Although it was ne'er built, it is decidedly a undertaking worth analyzing. What makes Danteum successful is the beds of significances that surrounds the undertaking.Danteum is an unfulfil led undertaking commissioned by Mussolini’s Fascist government.At that clip Italy was ruled by Musolini. In order to set Italy back on the universe map as one of the strongest state, Mussolini for a literary chef-d'oeuvre of Italy’s olympian and canonized yesteryear as a representation of Italy’s illustriousness and asked Terragni to plan a memorial for Dante’s Divine Comedy. Danteum was ne'er built due to the diminution of mussolini’s power during World War II. The edifices take the visitant through a sequence of 3 different kingdoms: Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso. The Divine comedy can be interpreted into several distinguishable degrees as it is interlaced with the physical, societal, political and historical system.Terragni takes the visitants through different brushs in his proposal. There are four primary constituent in the Danteum: The entryway tribunal, Inferno, Purgatory and Paradiso.The image above shows the circulation way that can be taken. The visitant enters a long narrow tract and would hold to do a u bend into the courtyard. The atmosphere alterations from a more restricted infinite to a more unfastened infinite in the courtyard. However, the infinite diminishes once more as the visitant advancement from the tribunal to the wood of columns so to the three stairss. As the visitants pass through the columns and down some stairss, the sum of visible radiation in the infinites easy diminishes every bit good till they reach Inferno. The Inferno which is in a form of a aureate rectangle can be decomposed into seven squares with different floor highs. This is rather different to a conventional edifice where the walls are those that are changed ( holding window, nothingness or gaps of different tallness and size ) . The hell has a dark inside with light coming in through the narrow spreads. Then, the visitants would hold to travel up a series of stepss that leads to Purgatory which is a reminiscent of the abbreviate d conelike mountain island holding seven valances. From here, the infinite becomes brighter as they proceed from Purgatory to Paradiso. Part of Paradiso ( upper portion of Paradiso in floor program ) extends to the Empyrean while the other side leads to the issues.The ambiance in hell[ 2 ] Inferno[ 3 ] ParadisoDanteum is designed with compositional, numerical and descriptive properties from The Divine Comedy that form the plan of the undertaking. The spacial administration of Danteum adheres closely to the verse form. Alternatively of utilizing a actual interlingual rendition on The Divine Comedy, Terragni delved deeper into history and other metaphorical elements to connote elusive narrative of the verse form. In the image below, you can see how Danteum’s floor program is based on the Golden Section which was popular after the Renaissance period. There is 2 squares overlapping and shifted off from each other to organize a Golden Rectangle. This forms the margin of Danteum an d creates a threshold between the 3 kingdoms. The usage of Golden Section as a proportioning system besides generates the placement of the columns which is more obvious in the Inferno. The hell is decomposed into 7 squares where the columns were placed at the centre of a nested square within the Golden Section. The Columns besides diminishes in size, gyrating along the Golden Section. On the other manus, the columns in the courtyard are of the same size and array upon a square grid. The handling of columns in Danteum is unconventional in the modernist motion where the wall defines the kingdom while the columns dance in infinite which is different with the modernist motion.[ 4 ] Floor Plan and Golden SectionThe numerical properties of the Divine Comedy plays a immense portion in Danteum’s design. It besides influences the columns in Danteum where they denote the abstract construction of the verse form. There are 100 cantos in the verse form and therefore there are besides 100 columns in the Danteum.In the verse form, the imaginations of the kingdoms were described through topological constructions. The Northern hemisphere had landmass with Jerusalem at the centre whereas the Southern Hemisphere is covered with H2O. The hell – snake pit was created when Lucifer was thrown out of Eden when dramatis personae in the deepness of fire.This image shows the subdivision cutting across Inferno and purgatory. ( Inferno on the left, Purgatory on the right ) . Notice how Inferno is lower than the Purgatory? Since in the verse form, creative activity of Inferno is the ground why Purgatory is formed, mass of Earth from hell is transferred to Purgatory doing Inferno lowest portion of the kingdom ( snake pit is the lowest ) , back uping the Purgatory with mass from Inferno ( Inferno as a foundation of Purgatory ) . Purgatory is described as a mountain surrounded by H2O. The mass from Inferno made Purgatory into a ‘physical mountain’ surrounded by H2O ( As mentioned before, the South hemisphere is covered with H2O ) .Paradiso is the 3rd room sitting above the 100 columns ( the hundred columns is a metaphor for dante’s wood with light filtrating through the glass block above merely like how light is filtered by the foliages in the wood ) . It is constructed with grid construction, with 33 glass columns. The floor, beams, roof are all made from glass. The contemplation and refraction of visible radiation off the glass surface gave Paradiso a Ethereal feeling that one can easy associate and conceive of when one idea about Eden. The stuff pick for Paradiso made it a really light compared to the other relams. ( Refer to floor program ) , note that there is 9 circles in the center of Paradiso, the 9 circles are really glass columns stand foring the 9 domains environing the Earth, and beyond that sits the concluding place of God. In Paradiso, psyches are entitled a particular sphere harmonizing to their virtues.On the other manus , the 7 squares in Purgatory represent the salvation of the seven wickednesss. The roof has comparatively big nothingnesss to allow light into the infinite compared to Inferno. In the subdivision, observe how the land degree for Inferno is uneven and the slabs supported by the columns are non connected leting visible radiation to slice through the roof, they convey the rough landscape on Earth in a more utmost signifier harmonizing to Terragni’s text â€Å"The esthesis of the at hand, of nothingness formed under the crust of Earth and through a awful seismal upset caused by the autumn of Lucifer’ .BibliographySchumacher, Thomas L. , Terragni ‘s Danteum,2neodymiumedn ( Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press,1993 )Kanekar, Aarti, Metaphor in Morphic Language ( London: UCL,2009 ) Schnall, S. Are at that place basic metaphors? ( 2013 ) . In M. J. Landau, M. D. Robinson & A ; B. P. Meier ( Eds. ) , The power of metaphor: Analyzing its influence on societal life.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.1hypertext transfer protocol: //www.etymonline.com/index.php? term=metaphor

An essay considering whether Romeo and Juliet Essay

‘Romeo and Juliet’ was a play written by William Shakespeare in 1595. William Shakespeare died on St. George’s day, 23rd April, 1616, making ‘Romeo and Juliet’ one of his earlier plays; written in what is now described as his second period, from his joining the Lord Chamberlain’s men in 1594 to the opening of the Globe Theatre in 1599. The diversity of Shakespeare’s work included comedies, histories and tragedies as well as poetry. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ comes under the category of a tragedy, tragedy meaning an event in which something dreadful occurs, or in a theatrical sense a serious play with a tragic theme, often involving a heroic struggle and the downfall of the main character. This definition of tragedy relates to ‘Romeo and Juliet’ because it is a play in which both the principal characters die in preventable circumstances at the close of the play. The downfall of Romeo and Juliet occurs by the fact that both characters start as young, beautiful descendents of powerful families and find themselves fleeing the city of Verona in fear of their lives and their relationship – both banished by the authorities or their own households. However, an alternative view could be developed by looking at the perception of the word tragedy when the play was written; in the late 16th century. People of the time were of the view that if something tragic were to happen it must happen to a person of innocence, otherwise it is not technically tragic. Romeo is not an innocent person because he takes the life of another person on more that one occasion, with the murders of Tybalt and Paris. Even though there is the argument that these crimes were a consequence of his obsessive and at times over-enthusiastic love for Juliet, they are still actions that take away his virtuousness. Juliet damages her purity by treating the wishes and guidance of her parents with contempt and disregarding the arranged marriage to Paris. These egocentric actions help develop another, more imperfect impression of the two protagonists which provides an argument against ‘Romeo and Juliet’ being a tragic play. In further illustration, tragic storylines generally end in unhappy circumstances, which on the one hand ‘Romeo and Juliet’ does with the many deaths, â€Å"for never was a story of more woe, than this of Juliet and her Romeo.† Whilst on the other hand it could be argued that a more exultant conclusion occurs by the fact that the long-standing feud between the Montagues and the Capulets is finally resolved through their deaths. Basis for this statement is provided in the final scene by Capulet, â€Å"O brother Montague, give me thy hand, this is my daughter’s jointure, for no more can I demand.† In Shakespearean times ‘Romeo and Juliet’ would have been compared to such tragic plays as ‘Hamlet’ and ‘Macbeth’ which were tragedies to the exact definition because they entailed stories of monarchs with flawed characters diminishing from the highest place in society to death over the course of the play. These stories fulfilled the public criteria for a tragic tale; a concept initially introduced by Aristotle, a Greek philosopher who lived from 384 to 382 BC. He produced directives for the perfect tragedy, concepts which heavily influenced academics and writers throughout Europe. He dictated that, â€Å"the tragic heroes of any play must be people of royal or other high-born backgrounds.† Therefore, ‘Romeo and Juliet’ can be argued against being a tragedy because the two central characters are not royalty or part of any particular hierarchy. Many contend that being young and beautiful puts them in a social position to surpass most to begin with, although this does not fit unerringly into Aristotle’s theory. Aristotle exactly specifies the protagonists must be of â€Å"royal or other high-born backgrounds,† explicitly kings or generals, which Romeo and Juliet are not. The aforementioned statement can be supported by the following quotation from act three, scene one, in which Romeo’s killing of Tybalt is analysed, with the prince announcing, â€Å"Immediately we do exile him hence.† The fact that he has been exiled prior to his death illustrates further the fact that he is at a low point in society. Additionally, Aristotle also expresses his belief that these high born protagonists should have fatal flaws which lead to their downfall. Romeo’s fatal flaw is his impetuous and spontaneous nature which causes him to act before thoroughly thinking about what he is doing and considering the consequences of his actions. An example of his rashness comes when Balthasar tells Romeo that Juliet is dead, not knowing it is a faked death, â€Å"hire post-horses, I will hence to-night.† Here he is saying he will return to Verona, which he has been banished from, without waiting for news from Friar Lawrence; an action, as the audience soon finds out, that causes his death. His hot-headed rashness develops into the fuel for his uncontrollable obsession for his love, Juliet; who herself is fatally flawed by her notorious and narcissistic disobedience which causes her to defy the instructions and beliefs of her family. Juliet becomes so caught up in the irrepressible ardour of her relationship with Romeo that she fails to see the outrage and hatred she is rousing from an already hostile feud between two households. An example of her defiance comes when her mother tells her of her arranged marriage to Paris, â€Å"He shall not make me there a joyful bride.† Here she refuses to marry Paris, which infuriates her parents, causing them to reject their daughter; and inevitably her character’s downfall as she is now shamed. These self-centred actions defiantly caused their demise leading to their death because if they both were to act with less haste when fuelling their love for each other then some of the consequences that occurred may have been p revented. Therefore, it is possible to maintain that Romeo and Juliet both suffered dramatic downfalls due to their own actions. On the contrary to this it could also be argued that as both their families recognised their lives by erecting statues of them, â€Å"for I will raise her statue in pure gold,† their characters therefore living on in a manner of speaking, meaning that their characters were not entirely degraded by their actions, thus rendering their characters not downfallen. Moreover, another notion primarily introduced by Aristotle was centred around the audience’s perception of a tragedy, and how this could be used to define a tragic play. He said that the audience should feel pity and terror, pity for the hero and terror at the importance of the gods. This relates to ‘Romeo and Juliet’ in the sense that the heroic characters are Romeo and Juliet themselves, whom the audience does feel a certain amount of pity for because of the unfortunate and seemingly preventable misfortunes that happen to them throughout the course of the play. Juliet is pitied for the fact that she is disowned by her family, â€Å"do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee.†

Cesar Chavezs Use of Antithesis and Diction to Portray His Beliefs on the Argument on Why Nonviolent Resistance Trumps Violent Resistance

Cesar Chavez's Use of Antithesis and Diction to Portray His Beliefs on the Argument on Why Nonviolent Resistance Trumps Violent Resistance Ten years following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., people still protested and empathized on behalf of his death, but labor union organizer and civil rights leader Cesar Chavez argues as to why nonviolent resistance, trumps violent resistance. Chavez is able to portray his belief to the people through his strong use of antithesis and diction, and while even alluding to a historical leader whose views and beliefs are still extremely well known today. Through his use of strong rhetoric, and specific examples Chavez is able to solidify his argument in favor of nonviolent resistance. Throughout the article, Chavez uses antithesis to contrast the cons of violent resistance, with the pros of his argument for nonviolent resistance. Chavez first shines light to one of the pros of nonviolent resistance when he claims that, â€Å"Nonviolence provides the opportunity to stay on the offensive, and that is of crucial importance to win any contest.† Chavez is trying to get the point across that it is better to stay on good, and safe terms, rather than â€Å"fighting fire with fire,† because that can easily get violent, dangerous, and out of hand fast. Chavez juxtaposes this idea of being civil and not, â€Å"fighting fire with fire,† with cons of violent resistance when he says that, â€Å"If we resort to violence then one of two things will happen, either the violence will be escalated and there will be many injuries and perhaps death on both sides, or there will be total demoralization of the workers.† Both the outcomes that Chavez portrays as a result of violent resistance are bad, and Chavez takes advantage of this situation in order to continue advocating for nonviolent resistance by soon after stating, â€Å"Nonviolence has exactly the opposite effect.† Chavez finally puts to rest his portrayal of the negative consequences of violent resistance after he says, â€Å"Violence does not work in the long run and if it is temporarily successful, it replaces on violent form of power with another just as violent.† This statement ends his juxtaposition against violent resistance, leaving the reader with a chance to think about the truth of this statement, and as seen through history this statement proves rather accurate. Chavez uses strong diction in an effort to persuade the reader to advocate for nonviolent resistance. When Chavez first begins to argue against violent resistance, he uses powerful words such as â€Å"escalated,† and â€Å"demoralization,† to describe the negative effects of violent resistance. The words have a negative connotation in the context that they are used, which adds to the argument against violent resistance. Chavez uses this diction in this specific paragraph because this is the first time he truly introduces the idea of violent resistance, and he wants to immediately make it appear bad, and negative. Another instance in which Chavez uses strong diction is when he uses the words â€Å"frustration,† and â€Å"impatience,† in order to express how he is aware of how people feel frustrated, impatient, and angry, but he follows this up by saying that is no reason to resort to violent resistance, because eventually things will work out. It is throu gh his strong use of diction, that Chavez is further able to leave a lasting impression on the reader as to why nonviolent resistance is a far more reasonable, and effective form of resistance. Chavez continues to argue in favor of nonviolent resistance, by alluding to Mahatma Gandhi, one of the most famous men in the world, who is known for his firm stance on nonviolent resistance. Gandhi was able to lead India to its independence without any use of violence. By alluding to Gandhi, Chavez is making an effort to prove to readers that things can get done without the use of violence, and the story of Gandhi shows just that. Chavez’s use of antithesis clearly portrays his reasoning as to how the pros of nonviolent resistance, outweigh the many cons of violent resistance, and through his use of strong diction, and an allusion that shows historical proof that nonviolent resistance is an effective strategy, Chavez is able to make a strong case for nonviolent resistance.

Rules Governing Accounting of Non-current Tangible Assets Under IAS Essay

Rules Governing Accounting of Non-current Tangible Assets Under IAS - Essay Example Besides the cost of asset IAS 16 has concentrated on the issue of cost of bringing the asset to location and the asset made available under present conditions of its operations as per management intentions. The important thing is that by prescribing this rule IAS 16 has put a limit to capitalization of expenses once the asset starts operating as per intention of management. Another important feature is that ‘employee benefits’ accruing during construction or development of assets as per intended use also need to be capitalized. Further, cost of testing any item of the asset for ensuring its functioning is also required to be capitalized. For example testing fee paid to a laboratory for testing the quality of a part of the machinery is capital cost during initial recognition. But when such cost is incurred after the operation of machinery has started, such costs would be treated as revenue expenditure. IAS 16 states that cost of dismantling and removing an asset and resto ration it where it is located should be capitalized. But the important feature of IAS 16 is that cost that is incurred subsequent to initial recognition on replacing or making an addition to such asset or its part should also be capitalized if such costs meet the recognized principles of accrual economic benefits to the entity and reliable measurement of such subsequent cost. This is clearly the departure from earlier practices of capitalization of assets. When an asset is acquired in exchange of other, the rule is to assess the fair value of both asset and if fair values of the asset given up can be assessed reliably, then that would be the cost of the exchanged asset. But if the fair value of the new asset acquired is more evident, then fair value of such asset would be used as the cost of the asset. However, there is another possibility of the use of carrying value of asset given up as the

Contemportary Developments in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemportary Developments in Management - Essay Example This essay stresses that the high technology firms like Microsoft, Dell, Cisco, PeopleSoft, Oracle, Accenture, Ernst & Young and IBM, were under pressure to reduce costs. In the beginning of the 21st century the labor market was relatively poor. The business success of the large and medium corporations in the US is largely dependent on the consumer. Thus because of poor labor market, there was a downturn in the stock market. Investor sentiments were low and firms experienced reduction in trading volume. This affected the demand for computers and ultimately put pressure on the high technology companies to reduce costs. This is how offshoring increased during this period which was considered to be exporting good American jobs to low-wage nations. This paper discusses that the protectionists in the US allege that job losses are inevitable. The US high-technology industry is increasingly reliant on sub-contracted, non-unionized and illegal labor as well as exploitation of cheap labor in third world countries. The authors allege that the industry is centered on profit maximization with little or no concern for the nation. Based on various theories and business models, studies suggest that offshore outsourcing is preferred to domestic outsourcing or vertical integration of the firm. Global integration provides further reasons for outsourcing like thicker markets due to combining of economies.

Causal Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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The Arts and Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Arts and Architecture - Essay Example As Walter H. Godfrey (1991) rightly puts it: "...architecture is the crystallisation of history. All the arts, to a large extent, depend for their growth and encouragement on the broad movements of national life, which have their bases in profound historical conditions or great political events. But the connection between these things and architecture is more intimate, more direct, and infinitely more obvious even to the unskilled observer than in the case of, say, literature or painting." (p. 2). The first forms of architectural designs can be traced back to the early Greeks in the Hellenistic period and architectural festivals that celebrated the rich cultural heritage of the nation is a recent development in Europe and the Western World. The paper here tries to analyse the various events that are held during the London Festival of Architecture and try to unearth the cultural and national significance for the event among the audience. The paper tries to analyze the London Festival of Architecture and to bring out the major theoretical aspects regarding the growth of architecture in London. The London Festival of Architecture is celebrated in each summer and this year it has taken place recently from June 20, 2008 to July 20, 2008. The festival is regarded as one of the best festivals the nation has witnessed as it offers myriads of opportunity for the spectators both for enlightenment and entertainment. Like any other architectural fest, the London Festival of Architecture unearths the best form of artistic perfection of the past generation and all the architectural monuments have a different story of culture or myth associated with it. They are reminiscent of some of the most important cultural and historical heritage and as such they have got a lot to offer to the spectators. The 2008's London Festival of Architecture offers to provide fresh outlooks to the onlookers as its theme is FRESH: "The theme of this ye ar's festival is FRESH and organizers are exhorting visitors to take a fresh look at London, to indulge in fresh thinking, to enjoy the fresh talent on show and the fresh air of the walks and rides." (Williams). The festival is located in the central London, providing easy access to the many visitors who witness the festival. Content: The London Architectural Festival consists of a variety of programs, each of which focuses on one architectural monument or other. The major highlights of the festival include the LFA Clerkenwell & City of London Hub walking tour 1, LFA Clerkenwell & City of London Hub walking tour 2, Barbican flat tours 2, Barbican Screening : Garbage Warrior, Barbican Screening: The Rural Studio, the Brazilian Architecture in the 20th Century, Building the South Bank, Embodied Energy: Dance at Carter Lane, Fresh Views of London, 24 Hour Film Competition: Prize Giving, Green Sky Thinking, Roman Fort gate, and the Digital Architecture Film Showcase. The London Architectural Festival covers architectural monuments like the City Information Centre, National Portrait Gallery, Liverpool street station balcony. Aim: The aim of the paper is to analyze each event in the London Festiv

How Raising a Child with High Self-Esteem Leads to Raising Narcissism Essay

How Raising a Child with High Self-Esteem Leads to Raising Narcissism - Essay Example On the hand, narcissism is a feeling of indifference, selfishness, egoism, or elitism to the disadvantage of others. There have been various definitions of the relationship between self-esteem and narcissism. This essay will show how raising a child with high self-esteem leads to raising narcissism. It will also show how high self-esteem leads to a lousy performance and the fact that they cannot combine well. The essay will achieve this by focusing on the article’s effective argument. There is a link between high self-esteem and narcissism. While having self-esteem is very fundamental in the growth of any child, parents know that egoism that closes relates to narcissism is detrimental. It is arguably true that people with high self-esteem are generally narcissist. This is because, most of the people with high self -esteem show it and would like everybody to recognize them. Indeed the issue is always about them, their achievements, character, their well-being, their interests, and such. Actually, raising a child with high self-esteem will always lead them to show their ego, elitism, indifference, and selfless as they believe they are the best and such everybody should praise them. Indeed, high self-esteem promotes narcissism. However, this correlation does not exist explicitly since in countries like Asia issues of self and ego do not surface from childhood. However, in America, where the children feel they are superior to other children in the world, raising high achievers will high achievers will create narcissist. Indeed, a survey from San Diego State University notes that too much self-regard/high-esteem has resulted in college campuses full of narcissists. On the contrary, people with low self-esteem will value themselves less in the society and as such will not have the guts to brag, remain indifferent, or exercise selfless since they would fear critics.  Ã‚  

Contribution of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture towards Food Security Essay

Contribution of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture towards Food Security in India - Essay Example In regards to urbanization process, peri-urban and urban agriculture emerged from a simple and traditional activity into a professional and commercial initiative. In this case, it has turned out to be the major component in food security strategies. By definition, peri-urban and urban agriculture is a sector within or on the fringe of a city, a metropolis or town, which raises and grows processes as well as distributing agriculture products through the use of water and land resources, services and products around the urban area (Ruel et al., 1998). Poverty can exist at individual level that includes limited basic needs, low purchasing power, social exclusion and psychological distress (Nunan Fiona, 1999). While at community level it includes limited employment opportunities as well as scarcity of products and services. Integrated agricultural systems can be used to enhance the household food security of the poor in urban areas. This study explores different aspects related to how urban and peri-urban agriculture contributes to the household food security in India (Nunan Fiona, 1999). A thorough literature review was carried to compile some of the important research findings. The chapters of this report are organized as follows; the proceeding section describes the background information on urban and peri-urban agriculture in South Asia. The second chapter that includes literature review compiles some important concepts and research findings that are relevant to the topic. The third chapter that includes results and findings describes the costs and benefits as well as threats to urban and peri-urban agriculture in the world. The final chapter that includes conclusions lists important policy recommendations to address the probable problems in the sector. Urbanization or shifting of people from rural to the urban areas is known to

McDonald's Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

McDonald's Marketing - Essay Example Despite these innovations, McDonald’s tremendous growth could only continue for so long. Its average annual return on equity was 25.2% between 1965 and 1991. However, the company found its sales per unit slowing between 1990 and 1991. In addition, McDonald’s share of the quick service market fell from 18.7% in 1985 to 16.6% in 1991. Growth in the quick service market was projected to keep pace with inflation in the 1990s. After a decade of struggle, by 2003 McDonald’s shares hit rock bottom. At this point a â€Å"plan to win†, marketing campaign was launched and the salad was added to the menu to combat the unhealthy image the food had attained. It backfired initially because of its high calorie content, but then McDonald became more aware of customer needs and revamped its offerings with low fat salad dressings etc. McDonald was back on its feet very soon and turned in a healthy profit in 2004. Most McDonald's restaurants offer both counter and drive-through service, with indoor and sometimes outdoor seating. The Drive-Thru, Auto-Mac, or McDrive as it is known in many countries, often has separate stations for placing orders, paying for them and picking up orders. In some countries "McDrive" locations near highways, offer no counter service or seating. In contrast, locations in high-density city neighbourhoods often omit drive-through service. Menu choice also involves variety. The emphasis is on standardized limited menu with high quality and low wait times. The menu serves typically serve different types of food products in a range of sizes.

Thesis Project Manual Essay Example for Free

Thesis Project Manual Essay Research Description 1.1. Overview of the Current State of Technology This section gives the reader an overview of the specific technology or field in the international or local setting. The information regarding the technology or field should be contemporary and not based on outdated sources. Discussion must not be too technical or too detailed. This section ends with a discussion on the problems faced by or that still exist in the specific technology or field (e.g., limitations of existing software or algorithms). 1.2. Statement of the Problem This section contains the statement of the problem which summarizes the closing discussions in Section 1.1 of the Thesis Proposal. The problem statement would lead to the research objectives. If possible, limit this to one (1) sentence only. 1.3. Research Objectives 1.3.1. General Objective This subsection states the overall goal that must be achieved to answer the problem. 1.3.2. Specific Objectives This subsection is an elaboration of the general objective. It states the specific steps that must be undertaken to accomplish the general objective. These objectives must be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, timebounded. Each specific objective may start with ―to design/survey/review/analyze†¦Ã¢â‚¬â€" Studying a particular programming language or development tool (e.g., to study Windows/Object-Oriented/Graphics/C++ programming) to accomplish the general objective is inherent in all thesis and, therefore, must not be included here. 1.4. Scope and Limitations of the Research This section discusses the boundaries (with respect to the objectives) of the research and the constraints within which the research will be developed. Thesis Proposal Outline and Contents 3 1.5. Significance of the Research This section explains why research must be done in this area. It rationalizes the objective of the research with that of the stated problem. Avoid including here sentences such as ―This research will be beneficial to the proponents/department/collegeâ€â€" as this is already an inherent requirement of all CS thesis projects. Focus on the research’s contribution to the Computer Science field. 2.0. Review of Related Literature This chapter discusses the features, capabilities, and limitations of existing research, algorithms, or software that are relevant and related/similar to the thesis. The reviewed works and software must be arranged either in chronological order, or by area (from general to specific). Observe a consistent format when presenting each of the reviewed works. In this chapter, the maximum number of pages is 10. 3.0. Research Methodology This chapter lists and discusses the specific steps and activities that will be performed by the proponents to accompl ish the project. The discussion covers the activities from the proposal stage to the final stage. Examples of activities include inquiry, survey, research, brainstorming, canvassing, consultation, review, interview, observe, experiment, design, test, document, etc. The methodology also includes the following information: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 4.1. Who is responsible for the task The resource person to be contacted What will be done When and how long will the activity be done Where will it be done Why should be activity be done Calendar of Activities This chapter contains the Gantt chart showing the schedule of activities outlined in Chapter 3 of the Thesis Proposal. The following table is an example of a Gantt chart: ACTIVITY JAN Data Gathering **** Software Requirements Analysis Initial Architectural Design FEB ** **** MAR **** APR **** ** †¦ Thesis Proposal Outline and Contents 4 Appendix A. Bibliography Appendix B. Resource Persons For each resource person, specify the following items: Appendix C. Personal Vitae For each proponent, specify the following items:

Interpersonal Relationships in the Work Place Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal Relationships in the Work Place Essay In todays world, there is a need for work to be done as quickly as possible. And for this purpose, working professionals need to have good relations between each other. Healthy professional relations can be maintained by effective workplace communication and teamwork. Interpersonal relationships at work gradually develop with good team participation and communication with other members. You can say that everything at the office depends on good relationships between employees and the management. Interpersonal relationships at work are absolutely essential, as they help workers to have a mutual understanding between themselves. I believe that that strong interpersonal relationships at work lead to motivation among employees. The main benefit of having interpersonal relationships at work is that they work in a team. If there are healthy interpersonal relationships in the team members, they certainly tend to work collectively towards the prescribed goal. Teamwork also contributes a lot to a healthy work environment. Employees feel good to work if there is a favorable environment at the workplace. If employees have a mutual understanding with each other, there are very less chances of any kind of workplace conflicts. Communication is one of the most crucial interpersonal skills to be practiced at the workplace. Without effective interpersonal communication, there will not be a smooth and clear flow of ideas, resulting in confusion. A true professional will always talk to other executives, with looking directly into the eyes. Always smile when you speak with others, in a face to face talk or even on the phone. The smile will make others comfortable and it will also be apparent in the tone while on the phone. I believe that an effective supervisor needs to refrain from showing favoritism; make difficult, sometimes unpopular, decisions; show concern for subordinates without appearing to pry; and avoid misusing supervisorial power. Supervisors need to strike the right note in their interpersonal relations with workers. About three month ago there was an incident at my place of employment. My manager pulled me into her office and closed the door. Immediately I replied did I do something wrong? She replied no you actually did something so right. She said one of our patient’s family members over heard a conversation that you and another employee had. I knew exactly what she was talking about. A coworker of mines came up to me while I was in a patient’s room and yelled out â€Å"why didn’t you sign off the water log yesterday. I politely said im sorry but it may have been a mistake. If you give me a minute to finish what I am doing here I will come over and take care of it. She said â€Å"what ever, we will see†. The visitor looked at me and said that was very rude but you handled that professionally. With a smile on my face I said thank you very much and left the room. I immediately went to my coworker and politely explained how rude and disrespectful she was to the patient and her visitors. She understood what I was saying, she then apologized to me the patient and the visitors. My manager knows how rude my coworker can be on a daily basis. So she then pulled her in the office and asked us both how us we work the incident out. We both gave our side of the story and we both told the truth. My manager then presented me with a Starbucks gift card for being employee of the week. When communicating with other employees, it is fine if you add a bit of humor to the scene, just to release the stress and tension involved. Make sure you do not get involved in the blame game. Always ensure that you stick to what you said. It is a good idea to share what you recently accomplished and found out. This creates a feeling of openness among the team members.

Comparison of UK Building Contracts

Comparison of UK Building Contracts Assessment: Terms of Contract; Critical Evaluation; Question standard practise Samuel Perkins Introduction This assignment aims to compare and contrast the various aspects of both the SBC/Q 2011 Standard Building Contract against the NEC 3 Engineering and Construction Contract: priced with Bill of Quantities 2013. Throughout the assignment I will abbreviate these to SBC/Q 2011 and NEC3. I aim to evaluate the documents involved in the making of the contracts (10%/350 words), the roles of those involved in the performance of the contract (20% / 700 words) , the Contractors responsibility towards the design (20% / 700 words) and finally concentrating on the payment aspect of each contract (50%/1750 words). The contracts will be assessed regarding revisions made in September 2011 to the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996. My word count will be including the above mentioned areas not exceeding the 3500 words as required. Documents Making up the Contracts In the SBC/Q 2011 contract under provisions, the contract documents are defined in clause 1.1. The issue with this is that the contract sum analysis and any schedule of rates are dependent on the respective party and can therefore not be deemed as contract documents under this condition. For the employer this would mean that the main, responsibility for the correct descriptions and quantities would be placed upon them mitigating risks for the contractor. Regarding any discrepancies within the contract documents it is the responsibility of the Contractor to inform the Architect of any differences, however it should be noted that they are under no obligation to freely search for any discrepancies. Yet under condition 2.15 it states that if the contractor becomes aware of any such departure, error, omission or inadequacy as referred to in clause 2.14 that he shall immediately give notice with appropriate details to the Architect/Contract Administrator, who shall issue instructions in th at regard. The discrepancies are related to items found in condition 2.15(1,2,3,4,5) which cover the contract drawings, contract bills, instructions issued by the architect of contract administrator and finally the CDP documents. From the above we can see that SBC/Q 2011 shows a reasonable understanding to identifying contract documents. The main difference between the NEC3 and SBC/Q 2011 is that the NEC3 document doesnt define the term Contract, therefore there is no defining contract documents unlike SBC/Q 2011. It combats this within the guidance notes providing samples concerning a standard form of tender and form of agreement substituting themselves for actual contract documents. In the Core Clauses 12.4 it states that the contract is the entire agreement between the parties therefore combining the previously mentioned procedures involving the project management and contractual duties, liabilities and obligations. As discussed by Eggleston (2006) the term entire agreement has no legally definable definition however the term entire contract which is also known as a sole agreement clause does. Therefore the contract can only be completed to the written terms and conditions, this excluding any implied terms of common law remedies this relating to any legislation created by parliament as noted in (Galbraith, 2014). Like SC/Q 2011, NEC3 makes provisions regarding any discrepancies and contradictions between contract documents in Core Clause 17.1 however is much less distinct and clear cut in its definitions and clarity. The Clause states that The Project Manager or the Contractor notifies the other as soon as either becomes aware of an ambiguity or inconsistency in or between the documents which are part of this contract. The Project Manager gives an instruction resolving the ambiguity or inconsistency. However this does conflict with Core Clauses namely 12.3 and 18.1 which would then suggest that the responsibility to report inconsistencies lies solely with the Project Manager. Roles involved in the performance of the contract The JCT contracts require the Architect to act as the Contract Administrator in regards to performance of the contract on behalf of the employer. Under SBC/Q2011 the role of the architects expressed duties is covered in conditions 2.8 (1.2.3.4), 2.9, 2.11 and 2.12. These range from ensuring documents are supplied to the Contractor in accordance to the release schedule and initial contract documents to discharging the contract. As these are obligations of the architect they are therefore legally accountable for the area of contract administration. Given the Architects professional position and experience it is there duty to ensure the contract is carried out under the implied terms of common law and to the terms and conditions of the contract, it is crucial that the Architect stays unbiased when making decisions. SBC/Q2011 states under condition 2.4 that it is the duty of the Contractor to continue with the work on a regular basis and attentively and have the works finished by the agreed completion date. The work should progress steadily and in accordance to the contract in regards to time as noted in (Chappell 2012). If the Contractor is to make a breach of duty in respect of non-performance (not partial performance) of the contract would result in complete disregard to the contract terms and conditions which would cause total non-performance. Provisions are made to non-performance regarding the employers in conditions 8.4, 8.5 and 8.7 which guarantees the Contractors continual advancement of works in the event of unpredictable circumstances delaying works and the rectification of defect works. Unlike SBC/Q 2011, NEC3 does not mention the Architect under any of its clauses which removes any context of the Architects involvement. Under Core clause 10.1 it stipulates that the legal transitions and agreements and between the Employer and Contractor and subsequently the Project Manager and Supervisor. The provision of NEC3 states that the association of the Employer is to be related regarding their participation within the roles of the contract administration and are therefore a legal entity. The Project Manager exclusively has authority to change the work information, including issues and discharging any works instruction all of which is stated under Core clauses 14.3 and 27.3. Therefore the Project Manager is acting as the Employers Agent , allowing them to have a greater influence in decisions, which contrasts SBCQ/2011 whereby the Architect of Contract Administrator is more independent and acts in sovereignty. It is vital that the appointed Project Manager under NEC3 be it a single person or firm is competent and professional in order to achieve successful completion of the works and the contract due to the wide-ranging duties and obligations they are assigned. The Project manager and Supervisor can delegate works to other staff members in order to carry out their duties. This is noted under Core clause 14.2 however, before this can be done the Contractor must be notified of what actions each member of staff has been assigned. NEC3 also differs variably from SBC/Q2011 in its lack of expressed terms stating the Contractors obligation to continue with the works regularly. Consequently it relies on the provisions of Core clause 20.1 which state the Contractor is to Provide the works as defined in clause 11.2(3) along with disciplinary procedure that corner any delays to key dates, damages and or the payments scheme. It is important to note that NEC3 has no provisions in any of its Clauses that concerns any expressed terms that state the Project Manager should be neutral and equal, as mentioned above they are effectively acting as the Employers Agent. Therefore any concerns regarding the issues of impartial and unbiased contract administration is an implied duty and should therefore be overseen by the implied terms of common law remedies as displayed in Constain Ltd and Others [Corber] v Bechtel Ltd Anor [2005]. The Contractors Responsibility for Design Regarding the responsibility of the design aspect the Contractor should have no involvement, except if it has clearly been requested and defined within the contract documents under the parameter of the Contractors design responsibility Chappell (2012). It is also worth mentioning that the term design should be used broadly and should also encompass not just drawings but also any written documents relating to the Contractors design proportion for example specifications and schedules of work. Lupton and Cornes (2013) The SBC/Q 2011 has previously required an additional supplement which is provided through the Contractors designed proportion part of the contract. With the Contractors design proportion the employer will then prepare their requirements known as the Employers Requirements, which is created from the performance specification that consequently then allows the Contractor to formulate and submit their proposals known as the Contractors Proposals. These are required when creating the contract documents and subsequently the contract sum. Under clause 2.13.2 it states that the Contractor shall not be responsible for the contents of the Employers requirements or for verifying the adequacy of any design contained within them. Furthermore under clause 2.2 titled Contractors Design Proportion, it states what the Contractor should do where the works contain a Contractors Design Proportion. From these clauses it should be made clear the difference between the Contractors Design Proportion and the remainder of the job is to reduce any conflicts or confusion throughout the project. The Contractors liability is noted in clauses 2.1 and 2.19.1 and ensures that they do not exceed the level of works required, due to the Contractors liability being near equal to the Architects the liability is restricted to the Contractors skill and attention to details in their works. The NEC3 differs from SBC/Q 2011 and does not give the Contractor as much flexibility of which the Contractors design can operate. Clause 60.3 of NEC3 states that any inconsistencies with site information are the responsibility of the Employer. It is noted in Eggleston (2006) that due to the fact the Employer should have taken into account the best site conditions as per 60(12) yet logically the Contractor should have allowances and precautionary measures in place, which is contradictive. The Contractors basic obligation is covered in core clauses 20.1 and the obligation for Contractors designed work in clause 21.1 which states what work and designs are required from the Contractor and that the Employer should state the works information, the criteria to which he requires designs to conform. NEC3 is written to take account of common law remedies unlike SBC/Q2011 which uses expressed terms of provisions when discussing the Contractors liability regarding the works being fit for purpose. NEC3 optional clause X15.(1.2) limits the Contractors liability to reasonable skill and care much like SBC/Q2011 clause 2.1. This clause could be interpreted differently regarding fitness for purpose as the Contractor could complete the works with reasonable skill and care however could not be meeting their contractual obligations. Clause 21.2 states that the Contractor is responsible for the design standards, materials and products unless it is stated otherwise in the works information. As common law remedies implied on any warranties unless they are excluded. Payment SBC/Q 2011s provisions states that the parties involved should agree to suitable staged payments or Milestones as they are more commonly known, however if staged payments cannot be agreed upon the contract provisions will default to interim payments as per condition 4.9 (1.2) where a monthly valuation is submitted. It is therefore crucial that all valuations submitted for interim certificates are reasonably accurate and do not need to be perfectly correct, this will allow for any errors from miscalculations created from the difficulty of the matter as revealed in Secretary of State for Transport v Birse-Farr Joint Venture [1993] 62 BLR 36. Interim amounts account for the completed work at Bill of Quantity rates along with a percentage of lump sums, the final amount is due when the whole work has been re-measured in accordance with the Bill of Quantities. Eggleston (2006) Interim valuations should be calculated via gross valuation, which include for the deduction of retention and any previously arranged payments certified as due. Provisions regarding this are found under 4.16 (1.2.3) discussing work executed, site materials and listed items. Yet staged payments should be agreed before the work is commenced and should correlate to relevant milestones and work sections. However this procedure should require periodic re-evaluations due to the administrative nature. Regarding in the event of insolvency as previously mentioned, the site materials in particular any stored off-site can be a difficult to identify whom they belong to, however noted in the provisions of SBC/Q 2011 under Terms of Conditions 4.17 (1-5) these materials become property of the Employer provided they are accounted for in an interim certificate. The Contractor must also provide proof to ensure all offsite materials are insured. Therefore any implied terms of common law remedies regard ing SGA 1979 are in excluded of their respective powers. To act upon the above the retention of title clause must be completed in order to identify the route the transfer of title takes, this is usually done methodically working through the supply chain from the Contractor, Subcontractor and Manufacturer, again checked against interim payments of that Contractor. The principles of payments should be governed by terms of the contract provisions and also by any implied terms of common law remedies like SGA 1979 and SOGSA 1982 as noted in Hughes, Mills, and OBrien (2008). In SOGSA 1982 it establishes that a payment should be made to any provider of work including the provision of any good or services supplied. However if it is expressed in the terms of the contracts provision a right to set off can be put in place to exclude any implied terms of common law remedies as seen in the case of Acsim (Southern) Ltd v Danish Contracting and Development Co Ltd [1992] 47 BLR 59 and Gilbert-Ash Northern v Modern Engineering Bristol) Ltd [1974] AC 689. Any interim certificates under the provisions of the SBC/Q 2011 are to adhere to the dates specified under the contract particulars throughout the contract and its conditions. Condition 4.10 (1.2) under contract provisions the contractor should receive a written notice stating the amount to be paid and the methodology used to calculate the sum, this should be received no less than 5 days after the submission of the interim certificate from the Contractor. It is therefore common practice for a reference to the interim certificate and copy of the valuation to be prepared by the Contract Administer or Quantity Surveyor. It should be noted that in comparison to either the Contract Administrator or Architect they would be held accountable to the parties involved due to the concern of skill and care. Regarding the final payment a few conditions must be mentioned firstly condition 4.12 (1-7) which covers details interim payments final date and amount most importantly that the final date for interim payment shall be no later than 14 days from the original issuing of the interim certificate. It also provides instructions on how to proceed with any pay less notices. Secondly the under the provisions of condition 4.15 (1-9) under title Final certificate and final payment instructs that the final payment will match the final certificate. The final payment should amount to the total of the contract price while taking into account all additional works and omissions, less the staged payments that have been paid throughout the projects work. As discussed by Ramsey (2000)the case of Lubenham V South Pembrokeshire DC [1986] 33 BLR 39 showing how the Contract Administrator should abide to the provisions of expressed terms of the contract while performing their contractual procedure, in which the contractor will have no motive or reason to challenge the certificates issued. NEC3 differs from SBC/Q 2011 in the methods used relating to payment schemes. Firstly it is the Project Managers responsibility to assess the amount of the payments due at the assessment date and consequently they are accountable to ensure the submission of application to confirm payment. The Project Manager is also responsible for determining the first assessment date. This is found under Core Clause 50.1 under title assessing the amount due. Clause 51.1 stating that the latest dates that the Project Manager can certify the payment are fixed throughout the contract relating to each assessment date, this is usually a period of 1 week from the date. NECs secondary option Clause X16 (1.2) is similar to condition 4.20 (1.2.3) of SBCQ/2011 in its replication which defaults the retention percentage to either 3% unless otherwise stipulated under the contract particulars. Regarding the Core clauses that relate to retention there are no expressed terms found in the contract provisions. Core Clause 50.3 is designed to be a powerful motivation to the Contractor and can incur a 25% deduction until the Project Manager confirms a programme submitted by the Contractor, however no provisions are made that make any reference to the final certificate, which consequently means that certificates have no order of precedence and controversially no contractual status. As we are aware it is the Project Managers responsibility under Core Clause 50.1 to access and certify each payment amount at the given assessment dates, along with this under Clause 50.4, it states that the Project Manager should take into account any submissions by the Contractor that however the responsibility remains on the Project Manager the amount due regardless if he has not received a submission from the Contractor. Any assessment that is issued after the defect certificate will be considered as is common practise as the final assessment which will lead to the final certificate, therefore from clause 50.4 it is understood that without the Contractors submission of a final account before the last assessment they will lose any influence they have regarding payment. However this clause may cause disputes between the Contractor and Project Manager regarding the information supplied from the contractors original submitted programme, as this considered to meet the requirements of the contracts agreement. Clause 50.3 is biased in its favouring to the Project Manager, therefore the Contractor may wish to seek adjudication if they believe they have any conflicts throughout the project as the clause provides the opportunity to invoke a penalty clause. NEC Core clause 50.5 is designed to provide motivation to the Contractor to submit a programme which contains information required for the contract, within this clause it is understood that if the amount has been inaccurately assessed is difficult to comprehend. It is implied that the Contractor will not be entitled to any correction of the next payment certificate. Usually it is common practice for inaccurate assessments to be corrected on the later payment certificates without the Project Managers admission. However, if the Project Manager does not correct the assessment in question again the Contractor can seek adjudication by an Adjudicator. If the Project Manager does admit to a mistake following a tribunal or adjudication, under the provisions of core clause 51.3 it is liable to attract interest calculated from the date when the increased amount would have been certified if there had been no dispute. Core Clauses 11.2(21), 11.2(22) and 11.2.(28) relate to Payment in Main Option B Priced Contract with BOQ. The Term bill of quantities is defined in clause 11.2(21) which define its meaning and therefore the how the BOQ relates to other clauses. Clause 11.2(21) is very similar to Core Clause 11.2(20) of the main Option A priced contract with activity schedule. Finally Core Clauses 11.2(28) and 11.2(31) define the completed work ensuring it cannot be misinterpreted regarding payment terms. References Chappell, D. (2012) Understanding JCT standard building contracts. 9th edn. London, United Kingdom: Taylor Francis. Eggleston, B.Ce. (2006) The NEC 3 engineering and construction contract: A commentary. 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Wiley, John Sons. Galbraith, A., Stockdale, M., Wilson, S., Mitchell, R., Hewitson, R., Spurgeon, S. and Woodley, M. (2014) Galbraiths building and land management law for students. 6th edn. Oxon: Routledge. Hughes, S., Mills, R. and OBrien, P. (2008) Payment in construction: A practical guide. Coventry: RICS Books. Lupton, S. and Cornes, D.L. (2013) Cornes and Luptons design liability in the construction industry. 5th edn. London, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell (an imprint of John Wiley Sons Ltd). Ramsey, Vivian. Construction Law Handbook. 1st ed. London: Thomas Telford, 2000. Print. Cases Acsim (Southern) Ltd v Danish Contracting and Development Co Ltd [1992] 47 BLR 59 and Gilbert-Ash Northern v Modern Engineering Bristol) Ltd [1974] AC 689. Constain Ltd and Others [Corber] v Bechtel Ltd Anor [2005]. Lubenham V South Pembrokeshire DC [1986] 33 BLR 39 Secretary of State for Transport v Birse-Farr Joint Venture [1993] 62 BLR 36.

The Cultural Revolution Essay example -- essays research papers

Mao Ze Dong started the Great Cultural Revolution in 1966, in what appeared to be a massive cleansing policy to ensure the final victory of Mao and his supporters over the rest of the Chinese Communist party. Mao Zedong officially launched the Cultural Revolution at Eleventh Plenum of the Eighth Central Committee. Over the next decade, literally millions of people were destroyed, imprisoned and blamed for previously hidden 'bourgeois tendencies' while tens of thousands were executed. Mao Zedong also attempted to change the beliefs and old ways of the Chinese people by changing the education in schools. Mao Zedong made the amount of time a child needed to spend at each level or grade shorter so that the youth would explore more of their own beliefs instead of the older ones. Mao Zedong also fired all elderly teachers because he believed that they would continue to teach the Chinese children the "old way". He also changed the curriculum of the schools to fit his beliefs and to encourage more pride amount the Chinese youths for their country. Mao adopted four goals for the Cultural Revolution: to replace his designated successors with leaders more faithful to his current thinking; to rectify the Chinese Communist Party; to provide China's youths with a revolutionary experience; and to achieve some specific policy changes so as to make the educational, health care, and cultural systems less elitist. He initially pursued these goals through a massive mobilization of t...

Darkness, Be My Friend :: Darkness, Be My Friend

Darkness, Be My Friend Darkness, Be My Friend is the fourth book in John Marsden's series consisting of Tomorrow, When the War Began, In the Dead of the Night and The Third Day, The Frost, in which seven young people are thrown into the middle of a violent war zone. Ellie, Fi, Kevin, Lee, Homer, Robyn and Corrie set out on a camping trip to a remote part of their district. They find their way into a remote basin surrounded by dangerous cliffs and difficult terrain, where they are completely safe and cut off from the rest of the world. When the teenagers return to their homes, they find that all the families in the district were abducted and locked into the show grounds by armed soldiers who are taking over Australia. After finding this, they go on to perform numerous terrorist activities around the district to hamper the enemy's progress. These including blowing up a bridge on a major convoy route, attacking an important bay used for supplies and in Darkness, Be My Friend, the teenagers set out from New Zealand to assist a small group of elite New Zealand soldiers attack the new airbase that has been built in their town. In this book, the New Zealand soldiers disappear without a trace and the teenagers have to attack the airbase themsleves_ I think that this book is as much about adventure and survival as it is about emotions, friendships and relationships. The book is written as the diary of the unofficial leader of the group and she speaks a lot about her thoughts, her relationships with the other members of the group and of her emotions about what she was forced to do during the course of the war. "I was determined I wasn't going to get angry, so I ignored that. I didn't blame him in a way. If only I could have understood what was going on in my own mind_ but I found that difficult at the best of times." "It was nothing to do with Lee. I still liked him a lot. I'd got over those feelings I'd had ages ago, the negative feelings

Free Process Essays - How to Organize a Paintball Event :: Expository Process Essays

How to Organize a Paintball Event Ever dream of shooting your boss or coworkers? Perhaps you will get the chance if you offer to organize a company paintball event. It is a great way to promote teamwork and relieve aggression. Even if the coworker from hell is on the same team as you, keep in mind there is such a thing as â€Å"friendly fire† (â€Å"accidentally† shooting someone on your team). The first step is to check out local fields. Some things to look for are, the ratio of referees to players, goggle signs, barrel plugs and personality of the staff. Typically, playing fields are crowded on the weekend. Most fields will open during the week for a group of twenty or more, but do ask. Price is also a consideration; this is an expensive hobby. Expect to pay at least $85 for a case of paint, goggle rental and a paintball marker (gun) rental for a four-hour session. Preferably, try to plan the outing when the weather is comfortable. Playing in the 100 degree Texas heat would be rough on most corporate types. On the day of the event, it is best to dress in layers. Being hit with a paintball does sting. I recommend wearing gloves and a hat as handshots and headshots seem to hurt the most. Wear comfortable shoes, cleats if possible, if not tennis shoes with good tread. Most often, the playing fields are on grass or dirt surfaces. Usually fields have food and drinks for sale but to be on the safe side bring water, as dehydration is common for rookie players. The first stop after arriving at the field is the â€Å"Staging Area†. This area typically has tables to set your equipment on. After picking up the equipment from the staff, the referee will discuss how the markers (guns) work, how to fill the hoppers (what holds the paintballs) and most importantly safety issues. The first is, everyone chronographs their guns to be certain no one is shooting â€Å"hot† over 300 fps (feet per second). Secondly, always wear goggles. Eye injuries are the biggest injury risk of playing paintball and wearing goggles faithfully will prevent it. Thirdly, keep the barrel plug in the gun until the game begins. That way if your finger accidentally pulls the trigger the barrel plug slows down the velocity of the paintball and likely will not cause an injury.

Measurement research paper

There is a saying that efforts of measurement depend on the out come of global teams. The difference between the outcome and the process isn’t so important but only that during research, what is measured depends on the work of the teams.Measurement can be seen as investing in order to make a descion or a desired outcome. But also, there has to be some questions answered like what, when and how to measure. As for when to measure, this depends on the rates and time of team performances, as for how to measure this is based on the instrument going to be used in measuring.The use of measurement includes researching, getting the problem diagonised, training feedback and lastly evaluation in areas of training and selection.  Measurement attributes help in knowing what behaviours to concentrate on and determine. Behaviours examined leads to organizing attributes. These behaviours are usually organised in an allocation of a task.Volume is the space which a liquid occupies in a contai ner. Volume measuring units include gallons, cups, and quarts but there is what we call the systems of metric which include litres and millilitres. The instruments used to collect the units may include measuring cups, cylinders, measuring spoons and beakers. In the case of measuring a liquid volume that is small for example if it is something like medicine (syrup), the best unit of measure to use is milliteres, If it is something which has a little more volume for example sugar in a sugar bowl, then its better to use a cup, but if this volume is actually liquid then it means the right unit of measure is pints. If the liquid is in a large volume then gallons are best to use. The best formula to use while measuring the volume in a bucket may be pi multiplied by 2r (radius) multiplied by h (height) which is  Ã‚  Ã‚   pi*2r*hArea is an enclosed dimensional geometric figure spaceThe formula for measuring area in a bucket may be pie multiplied by pi multiplied by 2r (radius) multiplied by h (height) which is pi*2r*hLength is usually the space between the beginning of an object or point to the end. The space in between is what is called length. The distance around the object is called its perimeter. The measurement systems of length include customary units and metric units. And these include centimetres, miles or kilometeres.Lets say you are interested in measuring lengths which are short like the length of your face, then the best to use is centimetres. If you are measuring distances which are long for example from your house till the capital city centre, then the best is kilometres and miles. The best formula to use while measuring the length in a bucket may include 2 multiplied by pi multiplied r(radius) which is 2*pi*rWeight is amount of gravitational force on an object. The devices used to measure weight can include calibrated scale and two arm balance. Weight has customary units of measure and these are pounds. The metric units of measure are kilograms. If on e wants to measure an object which is small or little, the best to use is milligrams, when the object is a bit bigger for example a glass, then the best to use is grams, then if the object is more bigger like if you want to know what your weight is, then the best to use is the kilograms and pounds, above all if the object is very very big like   a big animal like a giraffe, then you are free to use tons and kilograms as your units of measure.REFERENCESNeely, J. (2004). University of Northern Iowa. Retrieved March 14, 2007Pollock, N., & Thompson, S. (1998). University of Richmond. Retrieved March 14, 2007Brannick, M. T., Salas, E., & Prince, C. (Eds.). (1997). Team Performance Assessment and Measurement: Theory, Methods, and Applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

The Hand-in Assignments

Untitled Document 1 of 4 https://elearning. uol. ohecampus. com/bbcswebdav/institution/UKL1/C†¦ WEEK 6 ASSIGNMENTS Print Page Use the links below to jump directly to the related information. Hand-in Assignment Individual Project HAND-IN ASSIGNMENT Hand-in Assignments are one way for you to demonstrate your learning. The Hand-in Assignments provide an opportunity to apply concepts and strategies to an authentic context. Typically, Hand-in Assignments are written papers or computer programs that are submitted to the Instructor.They require you to pull together information from the weekly Learning Resources, the Discussion and your own experiences to address an issue from the perspective of a real-world situation. Unless otherwise noted, the papers you write in Hand-in Assignments must follow Harvard Referencing Style reference and citation guidelines. You must submit your answers to the following Hand-in Assignment (HA) questions by the end of Day 7 (Wednesday). Answers will be su bmitted to the weekly Assignments area, but are not to be posted in the module Discussion Board. Question 1 Activity Mean durationStd. dev. (days) A 11 0. 9 B 13 1. 1 C 7 0. 2 D 9 0. 8 E 6 1 F 7 1. 2 G 10 0. 7 H 9 0. 6 11/04/2013 9:52 AM Untitled Document 2 of 4 https://elearning. uol. ohecampus. com/bbcswebdav/institution/UKL1/C†¦ I 8 0. 8 Table 1 Complete the following: 1. Calculate the project completion time. 2. Indicate the critical path activities. 3. What is the probability of completing this project between 38 and 40 days? 4. What are the slack values for activities C and F? Interpret the meaning of their slack values? Question 2 A registered nurse is trying to develop a diet plan for patients.The required nutritional elements are the total daily requirements of each nutritional element as indicated in Table 2: Required nutritional element total and daily requirements Calories Not more than 2,700 calories Carbohydrates Not more than 300 grams Protein Not less than 250 g rams Vitamins Not less than 60 units Table 2 The nurse has four basic types to use when planning the menus. The units of nutritional element per unit of food type are shown in Table 3 below. Note that the cost associated with a unit of ingredient also appears at the bottom of Table 3.Required nutritional element and units of nutritional elements per unit of food type Element Milk Chicken Bread Vegetables Calories 160 210 120 150 Carbohydrates 110 130 110 120 Protein 90 190 90 130 Vitamins 50 50 75 70 Cost per unit ?0. 42 ?0. 68 ?0. 32 ?0. 17 Table 3 Moreover, due to dietary restrictions, the following aspects should also be considered when developing the diet plan: 1. The chicken food type should contribute at most 25% of the total caloric intake that will result from the diet plan. 2. The vegetable food type should provide at least 30% of the minimum daily requirements for vitamins.Complete the following: Provide a linear programming formulation for the above case. (You do not need to solve the problem. ) 11/04/2013 9:52 AM Untitled Document 3 of 4 https://elearning. uol. ohecampus. com/bbcswebdav/institution/UKL1/C†¦ Save your Assignment as a . doc, . docx, or . rtf file and use the Turnitin link below to submit it. Return to top INDIVIDUAL PROJECT T he purpose of this simulation project is to provide you with an opportunity to use the POM-QM for Windows software to solve a linear programming problem and perform sensitivity analysis.POM-QM for Windows software For this part of this project, you will need to use the POM software: 1. Read Appendix IV of the O perations Management (Heizer & Render, 2011) textbook. 2. Install and launch the POM-QM for Windows software and from the main menu select Module, and then Linear Programming. Note: You can retrieve the POM-QM for Windows software from either the CD-ROM that accompanied your Heizer and Render (2011) textbook. 3. Program the linear programming formulation for the problem below and solve it with the us e of POM. Refer to Appendix IV from the Heizer and Render (2011) textbook. ) Note: Do not program the non-negativity constraint, as this is already assumed by the software. For additional support, please reference the POM-QM for Windows manual provided in this week’s Learning Resources. Individual Project problem A firm uses three machines in the manufacturing of three products: Each unit of product 1 requires three hours on machine 1, two hours on machine 2 and one hour on machine 3.Each unit of product 2 requires four hours on machine 1, one hour on machine 2 and three hours on machine 3. Each unit of product 3 requires two hours on machine 1, two hours on machine 2 and two hours on machine 3. The contribution margin of the three products is ? 30, ? 40 and ? 35 per unit, respectively. Available for scheduling are: 90 hours of machine 1 time; 54 hours of machine 2 time; and 93 hours of machine 3 time. The linear programming formulation of this problem is as follows: Maximise Z = 30X1 + 40X2 + 35X3 3X1 + 4X2 + 2X3

Of Morality and Spirituality Essay

The moral sacred Philippines started from a dream, and now that it continues to progress it can be one good evidence that as long as someone believes in an idea, it can be possible. As long as its aim is for the goodness of the citizens, it can be a reality. This concept does not want to create a world of perfection but rather a world of morality and spirituality. That world is where we can clearly distinguish the right ones from the bad. It is where we can not only think about ourselves but also the community, the government, and the nation. This dream can all be possible if we just go and believe that the land where we stand can be a better habitat of mankind. From Genesis 1:27, God created mankind in His own image. This verse proves that each of us is spiritual at heart. We just have to go and find the path through our hearts. We are created in His likeness which gives us the realization that all living things have something good in the inside. If we believe, make something to make this work, the moral sacred Philippines will make sense. A. WRITING AS A SOCIAL ACT The event connects with how writing can be a social act. In the said event, one does not only think about himself but also for the people around him. As for writing, a writer does not only write for him or for him to understand but also for his readers and audience. You write alone, but you always write for others. Readers matter. Once a writer sets his or her thoughts to any medium, whether paper, blog, status update, there is the potential for audience interaction. Ideas and creativity are created outside ourselves. Writers can never be more creative without the experiences and thoughts the people have. They continue to interact with people. Writing is a social act. Writers choose to see the beauty and brilliance of the world around them. Writing is nothing without the world and mind that surrounds them. B. WRITING AS A MORAL ACT Morality and spirituality is what the event focuses on. As for writing, writers do not only write everything that flows from their thinking, he must be careful. Something that anyone who writes words of any kind would do well to remember. Words have their moral consequences. The responsibility is particularly great for writers who deal with spiritual issues. Every word they write leaves its mark upon their soul and upon the souls of those who read their work. Their words may become sacraments, visible signs of an invisible grace, or they may turn to poison and ashes. It may signify the abyss or nothing at all. Writers must strive against mediocrity in one’s work, aiming always higher for lucidity of thought and beauty of expression with still being careful with the words they use. Every piece they make has an effect in this world. They are part of our moral conversation as a society. They weigh in. The creation of literature worthy not only its high artistic calling but of his stature as a creature created in the image and likeness of God.

Is The British Appeasement In 1930s Defensible History Essay

The calming in 1930s is delivered by British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, to construct up a permanent peace in Europe every bit good as to avoid the war against Nazi Germany. Chamberlain created calming policy based on three aims: â€Å" †¦ foremost, to debar the danger of war, 2nd, to make conditions in which dialogues can take topographic point and, 3rd, to convey about the success of those dialogues so that they many strengthen corporate security, farther Germany ‘s return to the League and, in a happier atmosphere, allow those larger dialogues on economic affairs and on affairs of statements to take topographic point † 1 However, the eruption of war that followed, proved that the policy has clearly failed and it is besides still argued as the one of chief grounds to break out World War II. This essay will discourse about the cause of the debut of calming and why it is untenable in international dealingss. After World War I, the Great Depression that followed forced totalitarian governments to emerge around Europe, such as Fascism in Italy, Socialism in Soviet Union and Nazism in Germany. In Germany, it was Hitler who followed a totalitarian province and pursued a revisionist foreign policy after he became a Chancellor of the Exchequer in January 1933. While UK and France were seeking to avoid a war and heal from the great depression caused by World War I, Hitler strongly believed that another war was needed to break-out from poorness every bit good as ‘Versailles ‘ . Hitler hence started to denounce ‘Versailles ‘ from March 1935 by re-introducing mandatory muster. However, UK and France have merely issued formal protests in response, which concluded with weakening of ‘Versailles System ‘ in favor of Germany, due to the fright of war. While the procedure of calming was detaining any clear reply, Italy has invaded Abyssinia. This provided Hitler with clip and chance to beef up and remilitarize Rhineland while UK and France dealt with Italy. France was entitled to reoccupy Rhineland, but France did non desire to move unless UK acted. UK did non desire to step in as they thought remilitarization was non a ‘flagrant ‘ misdemeanor. Neither UK nor France wanted to take serious duty that had any opportunity of get downing another war. Munich, 29th September 1938 was the flood tide of this failure of calming. Hitler demanded return of Sudeten. UK sought to intercede, and the parts of Sudeten with German bulk transferred to the custodies of Germany. In late September Hitler raised his bets, demanding immediate transportation of whole Sudeten to Germany. Chamberlain and Daladier accepted Italian In March 1939. Furthermore, Hitler invaded Czech states of Bohemia and Moravia. Neither France nor UK confronted Hitler 1 Anthony Eden in the House of Commons, March 26 1936. The ground UK supported calming is that the populace was non ready for war and UK was still retrieving from the 1929 crisis. Besides, France was unwilling to confront Hitler without UK ‘s support. They merely wanted to get away from war and understate their duty as they sought strong support of another state. This development of calming shows the unorganized allied European states which ne'er meet with clear understanding to compact the menace German forces possessed, and the confusion that was brought with the construct of calming gave opportunity for Germany to turn without any lucifer for to a great extent armed European allied forces e?†¦ie ie?ˆi ?ie e ©Ã‹â€ e ¦Ã‚ ¬ e-?i-?i ?iz?e ie µÃ‚ ­i?ˆ i?ˆ e?† iiâ„ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ i†¢? i †¢i ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¦i?„ , e °?e?ˆe e?†¦ie e °Ã‹â€ ee? ii °?e?ˆi „ i µ?e?ˆi i†?i†¢?e µÃ‚ ­ii-?e i†Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ez‘iS ¤i e °Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ei ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¦i i„?e i-?e?†¹e‚?e ©?i„? ei ?i §Ã‹â€ e ·?i†¢? policye °Ã‹â€  continuee? ©e†¹?e†¹Ã‚ ¤ . Trying to chance of war or whether Britain and France would hold been better off traveling to war earlier instead than subsequently, loss could be less. The confusion and struggle bought clip for Germany . If the calming was scrapped and the western European states pressured the turning Germany so the face of European history may hold been changed because of the fact that Germany already lost the First World War was besides needed to be considered. i ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ° , ie µÃ‚ ­e i†Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ez‘iS ¤e °Ã‹â€  e‚?i e?†¦ii-? i? iâ„ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ i †¢i ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¦i?„ iZ?e? e‚?i e?†¦ii i? ¤iS ¤iS?e ¦Ã‚ ¬i†¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾/ii?† i ?e ?i?„ e ¬Ã‚ µii†¢?iz? i† ?e ?i?ˆ ie iz?eii e µÃ‚ ­e °Ã‹â€ i ie µÃ‚ ­/i†Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ez‘iS ¤iâ„ ¢Ã‹â€  e‚?i e?†¦ie °Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ e? µee e °Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ii†¢?e? e‚?i e?†¦ii?„ e? ¬i ?i†¢?e? °ee†¹Ã‚ ¤ e‚?i e?†¦iei i „iY?i?„ i†?i†¢?e  ¤ eâ€Å" ­e†¹?e†¹Ã‚ ¤ . e ·?e ¦Ã‚ ¬e? , e‚?i e?†¦ii?ˆ ie µÃ‚ ­/i†Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ez‘iS ¤iâ„ ¢Ã‹â€  i† ?e ?e °Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ e? µi? °i-? ei e °Ã‹â€ iz? e?†¦ii i „i† Ã‚ µi ?i e µÃ‚ °i‚ ¬i ? i ·?i†¢?i„ ± , i ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ° i? i‚ ¬i†¹? e?â„ ¢i„? i-‘e ©? i „iY?i?„ ieY ¬i†¢? i†¢?eS† e  ¶Ã‹â€ e†¹?i?„ ee ee? iezˆeâ€Å"?e e µÃ‚ °i‚ ¬e ?ie ie? µi†¢?e ©?i„? 2i °? i„?e?„e?ˆi „i ei-?i §Ã¢â‚¬Ëœe†¹?e†¹Ã‚ ¤ . UK and France lost credibleness because UK and France did non maintain their committedness. They warned Hitler that if he attacked Poland, they would declare war on Germany. By this clip, nevertheless, Hitler no longer believed their menaces. If an adversary issues a menace that it has the power to transport out, and an involvement in making so, the menace will be believed, even if that state has bluffed in the past. But if it makes a menace that it lacks the power to transport out, or has no involvement in making so, the credibleness of that menace will be viewed with great incredulity. Chamberlain believed he could negociate enduring peace with Hitler. It was based on a naA?ve apprehension of Hitler ‘s purposes or on desirous believing about the possibility of set uping a permanent peace with Germany, nor was it an alternate to equilibrating. It was misdirecting policy based on underestimate, and misconstruing that Chamberlain trusted Hitler. The opinion was really emotionally based and this was a error as the remainder of European states readily figured out that Hitler was fixing military invasions over Poland. The calming was hence invalid and forced remainder of European allied forces to confront huge grown and good trained German Armies. calming have to be used under imaginable set of circumstances.Churchill, the ultimate anti-appeaser, presented a more nuanced image: â€Å" Appeasement in itself may be good or bad harmonizing to the fortunes. Winston Churchill ridiculed calming as akin to â€Å" one who feeds a crocodile, trusting it will eat him last † Particularly, Adolf Hitler revealed his desire publically to occupy Europe in his life, My Struggle The primary purpose of calming was to extinguish the danger of a European war, but accordingly it endanger Europe as it gave chance Germany, geographical and clip loose credibleness. The grants over German rearmament, the Rhineland, Austria, and Sudeten Czechoslovakia non merely failed to pacify Hitler, but made war even more likely by quickening his appetency for aggression and by sabotaging the credibleness of Britain and France and the public-service corporation of their subsequent warrant of Poland. Many critics of appeasement contend that a more confrontational scheme of rearmament and reconciliation might hold avoided war, either by discouraging Hitler or by exposing his foolhardiness and thereby triping his overthrow by the more cautious German military and its internal Alliess.

Drawing on at least one example, explore the role that autonomy plays Essay

Drawing on at least one example, explore the role that autonomy plays in achieving a good death - Essay Example Most patients, under the guidance of a clinician, usually make their end of life decisions without any trouble and their wishes are granted. In other cases, the patient is usually too ill or unconscious to contribute to the decision, thus requiring their relatives to do so on their behalf. However, in both cases, the opinion of the patient is usually preferred, making this decision a very important one in a person’s life. With the current advances in medical technology today, most diseases that were considered hopeless and incurable a decade ago are now being managed successfully. Although this is a wonderful thing, it is also very important to acknowledge the fact that the quality of life of a patient should also be considered. As a result of the seemingly extraordinary power of technology, most doctors assume that the role of a clinician is to extend a patient’s life for as long as possible, by every mean necessary. Furthermore, this notion reinforces the natural human urge to ‘do something’ when faced with an insoluble fatal medical condition. As it turns out, most of the actions taken to extend a patient’s life at this stage only prolong their suffering and the dying process rather than prevent it. In the following sections, this essay will explore the role of autonomy in achieving a good death. Some of the advantages and shortcomings of adopting patient autonomy in the hospitals will be covered in comparison to medical paternalism, which is essentially the opposite of autonomy. In addition, the essay will look into the relationship between patient autonomy and the other three concepts of biomedical ethics as proposed by Beauchamp and Childress (2001). Finally, recommendations will be made based on the discussion of the role of patient autonomy in achieving a good death. According to the Institute of Medicine, a good death can be defined as â€Å"one that is free from avoidable death and suffering for patients, families and caregivers in